Monday, June 2, 2008

Task Two – Economics and the justification of e-commerce - Topic Nine

The dot.com promises did not deliver, but the internet is still has an important role in today’s business. I had just assumed that e-commerce was just an essential part of business today and never really considered the huge financial costs involved in adopting e-commerce practices and this was a major contributing factor in the collapse of many the earlier dotcoms.

I can see how it is hard to justify the investment in e-commerce because of the difficultly of establishing which area or areas of the company are benefiting from the investments. The justification of e-commerce implementation is vital for the largest of public companies down to sole trader businesses. It is even more important for a business to justify the application of resources towards e-commerce as technology can be outdated and superseded.

I have personal experience of the e-commerce justification processes. This justification occurred was when I was employed with a large multinational chemical company. The company operated across 45 countries and each company operated their own systems. It was decided that the company would implement SAP across all countries. SAP provided the business with a system that could operate forecasting, procurement, ordering, accounting, warehousing etc.

Australia was part of cluster of a country that was put online initially as a pilot before the global cut over. After a period of six months the project was assessed based on a series of metrics. The metrics that were measured included reduction in inventory write off, warehousing savings and staff rationalisation savings. The return on investment ratio was calculated using these savings divided by the country specific costs allocated to Australia. Based on this ratio the company found that they could significantly increase profit while having a payback period of under 18 months globally. The results were even more pleasing as many of the less developed countries could benefit even more than Australia as their old systems were less efficient.

Task One – Electronic payments - Topic Seven

This was the topic I was most looking forward to writing my blog about, because I thought I knew a little about smart cards and electronic payments. However the topic proved to have more to it that I originally thought. Electronic payments are the back bone of e-commerce for without them e-commerce would flounder and because of that businesses need to establish secure electronic payment systems. I can see that B2C need to guarantee secure online payments to secure return customers.

Before reading the Turban chapter I didn’t really consider that I used electronic payments all that often and never thought I had used a smart card. I didn’t realise that store gift cards and e-tags were types of electronic payment methods.

Electronic payments have become increasingly popular method of payment in Australia and have resulted in a rapid decline in the use and acceptance of cheques. The most common forms of electronic payments I make are via the BPAY system or PostBillPay. I know my own bank encourages these types of transactions and does not charge any fee for internet transaction compared to over the counter transactions. I cannot remember the last tie I paid a bill with cash and these types of electronic payments are easy and convenient once they are set up.

The Reserve Bank of Australia it states that in 2004 credit card transaction were the most frequently used method of non cash payments. I probably use my credit card for more transactions than cash however I do worry about card skimming and key logging online. I know my brother in law’s credit card details were skimmed in Thailand while he was on his honeymoon and used for various purchases on and offline online up to the value of $1500. Luckily his bank noticed the unusual activity and contacted him. Despite all the security risks of using credit cards for online payments they still remain the most widely used payments method for electronic commerce (Lim, Lee & Kurnia 2006)
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Although the popularity of e-commerce increases there have been a number of electronic payment systems that have failed over the last few years. Examples of these include Beenz, CyberCash, Cybercent, Digicash, eCharge, FirstVirtual. (Lim, Lee & Kurnia 2006) The study conducted by Lim, Lee & Kurnia (2006) found that findings cooperation with established organisations, simplicity, trust, security and mutuality of stakeholder benefits are all of importance to the adoption of electronic payment systems. They suggested that trust and security in the electronic payment systems is of utmost importance for user acceptance and adoption and that if electronic payment systems didn’t differentiate themselves through adopting different security measures from other electronic payment systems that they increase their chances of failure. Also by aligning themselves with well known trusted brands that are already established in the marketplace they increase their opportunities of success. I agree with the findings of Lim, Lee & Kurnia as these seem to be logical things to help develop consumer confidence in a electronic payment systems.


After reading the case study about the success of the TaiwanMoney card system I was interested in finding out about how smart cards were being implemented in the Australian transport system. Australian Governments have invested lots of money into developing e-ticketing systems. Recently the Tcard system that was being implemented by the NSW State government was scrapped due to continuing problems and delays with the company developing the system. The proposed system was a contactless smart card that was going to be able to be used across Sydney’s public transport network. . According to an article by Tindal (2008) the government invested $95million into the failed system. Although the proposed system failed to get off the ground the Minister for Transport believes that cashless ticketing is the way forward. I was surprised that the government or private businesses hadn’t developed an e-ticketing system beforehand and I’m sure the Tcard failure was a big financial burden for us NSW tax payers.


Being a big fan of EBay I have paid many times for goods I have won by credit card or cash deposits. eBay in Australian from June 17 eBay sellers will only be able to accept payment via PayPals, or cash on delivery, effectively up to doubling the cost of selling a product on the website (Gnome 2008). This change will boost the profits of eBay by millions as eBay owns PayPal. I have never used eBay’s payment system PayPals and am suspicious about the reasons why eBay is implementing this change – is it really to protect the consumers or about driving up their own profits. According Williams (2007) PayPal signs up over 100 000 new customers each day to their services and is the fastest growing global currency exchange. According to Schwartz (as cited Lim, Lee & Kurnia 2006) contributes the success of PayPal to their financial surveillance software that monitors transactions.
I was interested to read that so many countries had implemented ID type smart cards. I believe it will be a long time before Australia introduces an ID electronic card, seeing the current government scrapped the access card proposed by the previous Government. In 2006 John Howard announced that the Australian Government would proceed with an access card for health and welfare services however this has been abandoned by the newly elected Government. This proposed card was strongly opposed by those concerned with the privacy risks and the big brother concerns involved with the development of such cards.



References

Lim, B., Lee, H and Kurnia, S. (2006) Why did an Electronic Payment System Fail? A Case Study from the System Provider’s Perspective. Retrieved 1st May 2008 from http://www.collecter2006.unisa.edu.au/Paper%2011%20Benjamin%20Lim.pdf


Tindal, S. (2008) Tcard is dead, Tcard mark II coming this year? Retrieved 1st May 2008 from http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/business/soa/Tcard-is-dead-Tcard-mark-II-coming-this-year-/0,139023166,339285380,00.htm

Williams, D (2007)Pro PayPal E-Commerce, Retrieved 1st May 2008 from http://www.springerlink.com/content/x5640124014n6816/

Gome, A (2008) eBay forces vendors to use its in-house bank. http://www.smartcompany.com.au/Free-Articles/The-Briefing/20080411-eBay-forces-vendors-to-use-its-in-house-bank.html
http://www.rba.gov.au/PublicationsAndResearch/PSBAnnualReports/2002/Pdf/australian_payments_system.pdf

Wednesday, May 28, 2008

Task Two – Web 2.0 - Topic Eleven

It was funny after reading the Chapter Eighteen in Turban about Social Network I checked my emails and noticed an invitation from an old school friend to join WAYN (Where are you now?) and here I am writing my blog on blogger.com. Before reading this chapter I had no idea that these things were associated with Web 2.0, I had just assumed that these things like YouTube and FaceBook were just the next trend on the internet.
It is obvious that the big boys like Microsoft and Google believe that these social networking sties are going to continue to be a continuing trend and money spinner. I did a little research on the net and discovered that Microsoft purchased 1.6 percent share of FaceBook in November last year for $240 million and that FaceBook is worth approximately $15 billion and most of that revenue is generated from advertising. Apparently the Microsoft purchase was the largest Web 2.0 investment in 2007 (Kidman 2008)

I personally, don’t belong to any social network, mainly because most of these sites are blocked at work and according to Kidman's article an increasing number of businesses are blocking FaceBook and other social network sties. My mother thinks that these things are particularly antisocial and the next generation will lose the art of conversation…not to mention what texting will do to our spelling ability!

I hadn’t really had any experience with the next generation social software tool or Web 2.0 before I studying via distance education, especially this subject. Since then I have really discovered the benefit of these software types. Before I had never really used or experienced a chat rooms, blog, wikki or bulletin boards. It is really good to be able to speak to you peers and lecturers in real time and makes you feel a little less isolated when you are studying. One of the major benefits I perceive of Web 2.0 is the dissolving of distance in a country as large as Australia with many people living in regional and isolated areas.

References

Kidman, A (2008) Facebook: The Google of social networks? Retrieved 28 May 2008 from http://www.zdnet.com.au/insight/software/soa/Facebook-The-Google-of-social-networks-/0,139023769,339288381,00.htm

Task Two – Legal, ethical and social implications of e-commerce - Topic Ten

I found this topic to be extremely interesting. The internet has created a new avenue for unethical, illegal and socially unacceptable behaviour. Businesses need to be vigilant to protect themselves, customer and employees from unlawful actions. There are so many areas with which businesses need to be compliant, such as free speech and copyright. Until doing some research on this topic I hadn’t considered that ecommerce sites can also get ripped off by fraudulent actions. I had only thought about the consumer side of it and hadn’t really thought about the fact that business need to protect themselves as well.

I can imagine the difficulty of trying to manage the laws that cover these areas because of the dynamic nature of e-commerce and the rapid development of the internet laws that cover the theses areas are constantly evolving; it would be a never ending cycle. Once you have covered on thing a new type of spam or scam emerges. I discovered that there are sites that developed my government agencies that deal with scam and that spam is actually illegal in Australia if it is unsolicited. Since purchasing some things overseas I have found that I have been getting a large about of spam which is really annoying I wish it was easier to stop.

When starting work at the company I currently work for I was required to sign an acceptable use policy (AUP) before I was able to access the company’s network. I had to agree not to access gambling or pornography sites, not to sexually harass other workers or clients and not use the companies email or internet for excessive personal use, any breeches of the AUP can result in potential termination. Every time that we log in we are agreeing to the terms of the AUP.

I found the section about hate sites and cyberbashing mind boggling, now if a customer isn’t happy with a product or service they voice their grievances it on a website and it has the potential for millions of people to view. The biggest problem I see with the internet is that anyone with a modem and a computer can be a published author!

Topic Six – Security issues, network and electronic commerce – Task One

When businesses are connected to the internet they become vulnerable and open themselves up to attacks. They need to be vigilant to protect themselves, customer and employees from unlawful action. Businesses need to have security measures in place to protect their financial, personal and customer information.

When researching the topic of security issues, network and electronic commerce I discovered that many of the articles I read mentioned security. Security and secure sites was continually mentioned as a prime concern to customers. Resistance to e-commerce seems to be a result of concerns about security and privacy. I believe that consumer fear is one of biggest reasons that e-commerce has not been as quickly adopted by consumers as initial predictions and has contributed to the failure of many earlier dot.com companies.

The rapid growth of the internet and e-commerce has opened up a new avenue for dodgy behaviour. Internet crime seems easy to accomplish if businesses are not adequately protected. I was interested in finding out was where the most common breeches of security in Australia. The following are graphs showing the changes in computer security breeches over a three year period.

Most common computer crime and security breaches, 2003-06 (percent)



Source: Australian Institute of Criminology 2007. Australian crime : facts and figures 2006. Canberra: AIC
Major sources of financial loss due to computer crime and security breaches, 2003-06 ($ million)
Source: Australian Institute of Criminology 2007. Australian crime : facts and figures 2006. Canberra: AIC

It was interesting to see that there was a general decrease in most of the categories listed. I thought it was significant to note that insider computer system abuse was on the increase. I was wondering if this was due to disgruntled employees. I know when my cousin left a large financial company in the city he was marched out straight out after he announced he was leaving. Is this increasingly done to protect business information systems?

Although not mention on the graph I do believe there is an increase in identify theft. According to a July 2003 Sydney Morning Herald article identity theft in the US an estimated 700,000 people were victims of identity theft. According to the same article Identity theft is costing Australians more than $2 billion a year. The increase in popularity of social networking sites has results in a new source of information for identity theft; some people are just too specific about their personal details on the web. I am amazed at how much information people will place on these sites, some will mention where they live, where they work, what school they go to... way too much information… Sometimes people leave themselves open for criminal activities.

In 2004 my wife had personal experience with a worm attack. She was teaching computers for a term at a school where each child had their own laptop. The schools network wasn’t secure and wasn’t patched correctly so just about all the school got the blaster worm. For the whole term my wife patched computers for 500 students! This is an example of where IT departments need to be on the ball to protect networks from unlawful attacks.

Sometimes hackers are not even cracking the system to access unauthorised information, but are doing it for the sport, just to prove they can do it.

The Australian Government has responded to the increasing criminal and privacy breeches occurring on the internet by developing a number of act and law to protect businesses and consumers from fraudulent acts. An example of this is the Spam Act 2003 which makes it illegal to send unsolicited commercial messages, this includes both email and phone messages. It also has developed a number of websites to help inform businesses, parents and consumers to protect themselves online in regards to privacy and to help them avoid internet and electronic based scams. Examples of these sites are http://www.scamwatch.gov.au/ and http://www.staysmartonline.gov.au/

I think as a consumer you need to protect yourself when doing business online. When conducting transactions online such as banking or purchasing good I look for sites that are secure and protected by Secure Sockets Layers (SSL) the little padlock on the bottom right hand side of the screen. Before studying this topic I did not realise the sites that use SSL protocol often have URLs of https:// rather than http:// and that is protects the personal information while online, by encrypting information passing to and from the web pages. Robinson states that SSL was specifically developed by Netscape to protect e-commerce transactions online.

The major e-commerce structure I use is internet banking. Hoax email or phishing seem to be a major way to obtain passwords and bank account details. My bank requires two forms of passwords for authentication and has just introduced a secure code system that sends a unique password to your phone that you need to enter before the transaction will be processes. Before you log in there is message warns you that the bank will never send you an email requiring account information or send you an email with a link to internet banking.

I am currently working in the banking industry. Protection of privacy and ensuring no unauthorised people gain access to accounts helps maintain our customers trust. The security measures adopted by our company to protect our customers’ information and when banking online includes;
× encryption (using the private key encryption)
× Firewalls
× and secure sessions using SSL
× lock-out after three incorrect login attempts,
× automatic log off after 10 minutes of inactivity,
× Details of your last internet banking transactions
× Security tokens that generate a new password every minute.

Generally I found this topic to be extremely interesting. Businesses must protect themselves, customer and employee when conducting e-commerce. I believe trust is the biggest issue consumers have with e-commerce applications.


References

Robinson, S. (2004). Use SSL to secure your Apache-based e-commerce transactions. Retrieved May 5, 2008, from http://www.builderau.com.au/program/web/soa/Use-SSL-to-secure-your-Apache-based-e-commerce-transactions/0,339024632,320283158,00.htm

Australian Institute of Criminology (2007) Crime and criminal justice statistics. Retrived May 7, 2008 from http://www.aic.gov.au/stats/crime/cybercrime.html

The Sydney Morning Herald (2003) Identity theft a $100-billion industry. . Retrieved May 2, 2008, from http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/07/06/1057430077059.html

Monday, May 26, 2008

Task Two – E-commerce strategy and global EC - Topic Eight

Task Two – E-commerce strategy and global EC - Topic Eight

Planning is such an integral part of business today. As Porter states ‘many have assumed the internet changes everything’ where many of the dot.com collapses proved this to be incorrect. I found Porter’s article very informative and I agree with his ideas that businesses need to incorporate ecommerce into their business planning. I also agree that businesses need to use the Internet to compliment their business strategies rather than cannibalise their market share. Having a web presence is also most essential now days.

Global e-commerce sounds like the ideal way to conduct business, one of the major benefits being able to conduct business 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. However before studying this topic I had little understanding of the limitations placed on businesses when trying to perform business internationally. I had only really considered the geographical limitations and hadn’t even considered the difficulty with cultural, language and economic issues.

Although businesses such as Amazon seem to make global e-commerce seem easy. I have purchased books from Amazon and have found the entire process very positive. I feel some of their success must lie in the way their make the purchaser feel confident and secure throughout the entire ordering and delivery process. It is amazing how a little email here and there can make you feel secure in your purchase! Another thing that I feel is very important when purchasing from overseas is feeling as though you have some rights if the item you order isn’t correct, and I know Amazon let you return any items if you are not satisfied with them.

One thing that I know is a barrier but I do however still find it frustrating is the inability for some overseas companies to ship to Australia. I guess when you can access their sites, you feel like you should be able to purchase from them - It is a bit like going into a shop and finding the shop assistant won’t serve you! I realise this may not be cost effective for the companies, but with the Australian dollar being so strong it is now the perfect time to purchase online from overseas companies, especially those based in America!

Monday, May 19, 2008

Task Two – E-supply chains, collaborative commerce and portals - Topic Five

I found the article in the readings by Laudon & Traver “E-commerce: Business technology and society” really thought provoking. I had never considered the importance of having a place to start when browsing the web. I had never thought of Google as being a portal, I had always thought of Google as a purely a search engine.

Corporate portals have really changed the way in which we now conduct business. It is amazing how the internet and especially portals have become such an integral part of business activities.
I currently work for a large financial company who operates a corporate portal. This portal is the first thing that everybody logs onto first thing in the morning and my internet home page. The portal contains news, procedure manuals, contact list for every employee and supports many intranet based programs. The portal holds extra importance within this particular company as this is a parent company which has around 30 subsidiary companies which operate in many different markets; all of these subsidiary companies have access to our company portal. Portals are such an efficient way for large companies to keep employees up to date with policies, news, etc especially if employees are in different geographical locations.

After thinking about portals I realised that every time I log into the Uni site I am accessing a portal. The site ‘my.csu’ is such a useful portal when studying via distance education. It links you to so many important places for getting and receiving information about studying at Charles Sturt. By having all that information at a click away saves time when you are both studying and working.

Previously, I worked for a chemical supply company which was heavily focused up improving supply chain management (SCM). They used an external company for freighting and warehousing the chemical company interfaced the external company’s warehouse management systems with their own ordering system. This improved SCM by increasing efficiency by reducing ordering errors and increasing OTIF (on-time-in-full). The external company also had GPS monitoring in there trucks, providing the chemical company with an internet link to which allowed the company to track orders and provide exact delivery times.